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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Temporal Information Processing and its Relation to Executive Functions in Elderly Individuals.

Kamila Nowak1, Anna Dacewicz2, Katarzyna Broczek3

  • 1Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurophysiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw, Poland; University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesWarsaw, Poland.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Normal aging impairs executive functions (EF) and temporal information processing (TIP). This study found that in older adults, TIP efficiency is linked to EF, particularly planning ability, suggesting overlapping age-related cognitive decline.

Keywords:
Tower of Londonexecutive functionsexecutive planningnormal agingtemporal information processingtemporal-order judgement

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Normal aging is associated with cognitive decline, affecting executive functions (EF) and temporal information processing (TIP).
  • EF and TIP are crucial for mental activity and may be viewed through the lens of embodied cognition in aging.
  • Understanding the relationship between EF and TIP in older adults is essential for addressing age-related cognitive changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between temporal information processing (TIP) efficiency and executive functions (EF) in healthy elderly individuals.
  • To determine if individual differences in EF correlate with TIP abilities in aging.
  • To explore potential overlapping declines in TIP and EF during normal aging.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed temporal information processing (TIP) using the temporal-order threshold (TOT) to measure auditory stimulus sequencing.
  • Evaluated executive functions (EF) by measuring planning efficiency with the Tower of London-Drexel University (TOL DX) task.
  • Employed Spearman's rank correlations to analyze the relationship between TOT and TOL DX indices in 53 healthy participants aged 65–78.

Main Results:

  • TOL DX indices confirmed effective executive planning in the elderly, with initiation time suggesting an on-line planning strategy.
  • A significant correlation was found between temporal-order threshold (TOT) and executive planning indices (TOL DX).
  • The correlation between TOT and the 'Total Move Score' of TOL DX remained robust across different ages, indicating age resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Normal aging may involve a concurrent deterioration of temporal information processing (TIP) and executive functions (EF).
  • The findings suggest an interconnectedness between TIP and EF, highlighting potential targets for interventions in aging.
  • Executive planning effectiveness, as measured by TOL DX, is related to the ability to process temporal order in older adults.