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Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Staining Protocols for Human Pancreatic Islets

Staining Protocols for Human Pancreatic Islets

Published on: May 23, 2012

Immunohistochemistry for Pathologists: Protocols, Pitfalls, and Tips.

So-Woon Kim¹, Jin Roh¹, Chan-Sik Park¹

¹Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea.

Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

|November 4, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review offers practical tips and troubleshooting advice for immunohistochemistry (IHC), a key diagnostic tool for pathologists. It covers IHC procedures, interpretation, and analysis to improve accuracy in research and clinical practice.

Keywords:

Antigen-antibody reactions Auxiliary test Immmunohistochemistry Immunostain

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Area of Science:

Pathology
Biomedical Research
Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is crucial for pathologists in diagnostics and research, enabling confirmation of target molecule expression within the microenvironment.
Despite advancements in automation and standardization, optimizing IHC protocols and ensuring accurate interpretation remain critical challenges.
This review addresses common pitfalls and provides practical guidance for IHC application.

Approach:

Summarizes the general IHC procedure, detailing potential pitfalls and offering solutions for each step.
Includes a comprehensive troubleshooting guide for common IHC issues.
Discusses accurate interpretation methods, including quantification and analysis techniques for IHC results.

Key Points:

Highlights critical considerations for IHC optimization and interpretation.
Provides actionable tips for practicing pathologists and residents.
Focuses on enhancing the reliability and reproducibility of IHC staining.

Conclusions:

Aims to serve as a foundational reference for improving IHC practice and publication quality.
Emphasizes the importance of meticulous protocol execution and interpretation for diagnostic and research utility.
Offers strategies to overcome common challenges in immunohistochemistry workflows.