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Obstructive sleep apnea and incident type 2 diabetes.

Mako Nagayoshi1, Naresh M Punjabi2, Elizabeth Selvin3

  • 1Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Community Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan.

Sleep Medicine
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly increases the risk of developing incident diabetes, even when accounting for body weight. This highlights a crucial link between sleep health and metabolic disease risk in older adults.

Keywords:
DiabetesEpidemiologyObesityObstructive sleep apnea

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition affecting middle-aged and older adults.
  • The relationship between OSA severity and the development of incident diabetes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and the incidence of diabetes in a middle-aged and older adult population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective analysis of 1453 non-diabetic participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities and Sleep Heart Health Studies.
  • In-home polysomnography was used to categorize OSA severity based on the apnea-hypopnea index.
  • Participants were followed for incident diabetes ascertainment through annual telephone calls until 2013.

Main Results:

  • Over a median follow-up of 13 years, 285 incident diabetes cases were recorded.
  • Severe OSA was associated with a 1.71-fold increased risk of incident diabetes compared to normal controls, independent of confounders like BMI and waist circumference.
  • This association remained significant even when analyses were restricted to obese individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Severe obstructive sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for incident diabetes, irrespective of adiposity.
  • Healthcare providers should consider OSA screening in the general population due to its potential link with diabetes development.