Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 12, 2026
06:51
Author Spotlight: Development of a Minimally Invasive Large-Animal Model for Reliable and Reproducible Cardiovascular Research
Published on: October 20, 2023
1.8K
Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy.
Jessica Joseph1, Syed Yaseen Naqvi1, Jay Giri2
1Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
The American Journal of Medicine
|November 5, 2016
Summary
Aortic stenosis, a common condition in older adults, can be fatal once symptomatic. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement offers a less-invasive alternative to traditional surgery for select patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Geriatrics
- Medical Technology
Background:
- Aortic stenosis incidence rises with age, impacting up to 10% of individuals by their 80s.
- Symptomatic aortic stenosis carries a poor prognosis without intervention.
- Pharmacological treatments are ineffective; surgical valve replacement was the long-standing standard.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis.
- To outline criteria for determining aortic valve replacement necessity.
- To compare outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) versus surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR).
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on aortic stenosis pathophysiology.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria for disease severity.
- Examination of clinical trial data comparing TAVR and SAVR.
Main Results:
- Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has become a viable, less-invasive option for selected patients.
- Advancements in valve technology have facilitated TAVR's widespread adoption.
- Comparative trials provide evidence for TAVR's efficacy against SAVR.
Conclusions:
- Understanding aortic stenosis physiology and severity criteria is crucial for management.
- Transcatheter aortic valve replacement represents a significant advancement in treating aortic stenosis.
- TAVR is a key therapeutic option for appropriately selected patients, offering an alternative to SAVR.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management
530
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
530
01:15Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction
1.0K
IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
1.0K
01:26Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management
408
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
408
01:17Aortic Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
374
A nurse managing a patient with aortic regurgitation begins with a comprehensive assessment, including a review of the patient's medical history, family history, and lifestyle factors. During the cardiac examination, the nurse listens for heart sounds and checks for signs of valve abnormalities. The nurse also observes for symptoms such as dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and assesses the patient's endurance and daily activity tolerance.Based on the findings, the nurse...
374
01:22Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
752
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
752
01:21Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
475
Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
475