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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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A maximum likelihood method for high resolution proton radiography/proton CT.

Charles-Antoine Collins-Fekete1, Sébastien Brousmiche, Stephen K N Portillo

  • 1Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique et Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. Département de radio-oncologie et CRCHU de Québec, CHU de Québec, QC, Canada. Department of Radiation Oncology, Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new method to reduce blurring in proton imaging, significantly improving spatial resolution for clearer proton radiography and faster proton CT reconstruction.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Particle Physics
  • Computational Imaging

Background:

  • Multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) is a primary cause of image blurring in proton imaging.
  • Improving spatial resolution is crucial for enhanced diagnostic accuracy in proton radiography and computed tomography.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel maximum likelihood least squares estimator for improving spatial resolution in proton radiography.
  • To assess the impact of the new method on both 2D and 3D spatial resolution using various phantoms and beam configurations.
  • To evaluate the potential of the improved proton radiography for accelerating proton computed tomography (CT) reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a maximum likelihood least squares estimator to optimize proton paths and estimate water equivalent thickness (WET).
  • Utilized Geant4 simulations to generate proton radiographies with parallel and conical beams (200 and 330 MeV).
  • Evaluated performance using a slanted cube, a head phantom, and a Catphan phantom (CTP528).

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant increases in spatial resolution, for example, from 2.44 to 4.53 lp cm⁻¹ at 200 MeV.
  • Demonstrated that beam configuration (parallel vs. conical) had minimal impact on reconstructed spatial resolution.
  • Proton CT reconstructions showed high spatial resolution (up to 5.55 lp cm⁻¹) and improved contrast in gradient regions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed maximum likelihood estimator substantially enhances spatial resolution in proton radiography (up to 65%).
  • The method shows significant potential for accelerating proton CT reconstruction.
  • This advancement offers improved image quality for proton imaging applications.