Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Review

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Sports Medicine
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a hip condition characterized by abnormal morphology of the proximal femur and acetabulum.
• This abnormal shape leads to abnormal contact during hip movement, increasing the risk of labral tears and chondral damage.
• FAI is particularly prevalent in athletic populations engaging in high-impact activities at a young age.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).
• To review the current literature on FAI pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies.
• To focus on recent advancements in the understanding and management of FAI.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent scientific publications on femoroacetabular impingement.
• Analysis of studies focusing on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of FAI.
• Synthesis of information regarding arthroscopic surgical outcomes for FAI.

Main Results:

• FAI results from femoroacetabular mismatch due to abnormal bone morphology.
• Repetitive loading in athletes can lead to labral and chondral injuries.
• Arthroscopic surgery offers good outcomes for patients who fail nonoperative management.

Conclusions:

• FAI is a significant condition in sports medicine requiring careful diagnosis and management.
• Understanding the pathophysiology is crucial for effective treatment strategies.
• Arthroscopic intervention is a viable and effective treatment option for FAI when conservative measures are insufficient.