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Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease.

Avais Jabbar1,2, Alessandro Pingitore3, Simon H S Pearce1,4

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Thyroid hormones significantly impact cardiovascular health, influencing conditions like heart failure and myocardial infarction. Abnormal thyroid function can worsen outcomes, but thyroid hormone replacement therapy may offer therapeutic benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones are crucial for cardiovascular homeostasis, with receptors present in myocardial and vascular endothelial tissues.
  • Subtle alterations in thyroid hormone levels, seen in subclinical thyroid dysfunction or low triiodothyronine syndrome, negatively affect the cardiovascular system.
  • Mechanisms linking thyroid function and cardiovascular disease include dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, altered blood pressure, and direct myocardial effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between thyroid function and cardiovascular diseases.
  • To explore the role of thyroid hormones as both a risk factor and a therapeutic agent in cardiovascular conditions.
  • To summarize evidence on the impact of thyroid hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of clinical and experimental studies.
  • Analysis of data from interventional trials on subclinical thyroid disease treatment.
  • Synthesis of evidence on thyroid function in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure settings.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal thyroid function is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, particularly after acute myocardial infarction.
  • Treatment of subclinical thyroid disease can improve cardiovascular risk factors, suggesting potential benefits for event reduction.
  • Thyroid hormones demonstrate a potential therapeutic role in mitigating infarct size and enhancing myocardial function post-myocardial infarction.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction poses a significant risk to cardiovascular health, impacting various conditions.
  • Thyroid hormone replacement therapy holds promise for improving cardiovascular outcomes and warrants further investigation.
  • Understanding the thyroid-cardiovascular axis is essential for managing cardiovascular diseases effectively.