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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
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Left Atrial Structure and Function in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A RELAX Substudy.

Siddique A Abbasi1, Ravi V Shah2, Steven E McNulty3

  • 1Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America.

Plos One
|November 5, 2016
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Summary

Left atrial volume and function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF) are linked to disease severity markers like NT-proBNP and diastolic properties, not exercise capacity. Further research is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Left atrial (LA) structure and function are increasingly recognized as crucial indicators in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-pEF).
  • Understanding the relationship between LA characteristics and disease severity markers is vital for improving patient management in HF-pEF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between left atrial volume and function with markers of disease severity and cardiac structure in patients with HF-pEF.
  • To explore the correlation of LA metrics with clinical status and exercise capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was used to quantify maximal left atrial volume index (LAVi) and left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF) in 100 HF-pEF patients.
  • Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and blood collection for NT-proBNP were performed.
  • Statistical analyses, including adjustments for multiple testing, were conducted to determine associations.

Main Results:

  • Maximal LAVi was associated with age, transmitral filling patterns (E/e'), and NT-proBNP.
  • Lower LAEF correlated with older age, higher transmitral E/A ratio, and higher NT-proBNP.
  • Peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope showed no significant association with LA structure or function.

Conclusions:

  • Left atrial volume and emptying function in HF-pEF are primarily associated with NT-proBNP and diastolic filling properties.
  • These LA characteristics are not significantly associated with gas exchange markers of exercise capacity in this population.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the clinical relevance of LA structure and function in HF-pEF.