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Related Concept Videos

Ecological Disturbance02:26

Ecological Disturbance

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An ecological disturbance is a temporary disruption in the environment resulting from abiotic, biotic, or anthropogenic factors, causing a pronounced change in an ecosystem. The impact of an ecological disturbance, which can depend on its intensity, frequency, and spatial distribution, plays a significant role in shaping the species diversity within the ecosystem.
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Symbiosis00:58

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.
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Ecological Niches02:02

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All organisms have a position within an ecosystem. The complete set of living and nonliving factors—including food resources, climate, and terrain—that define the position of a given organism are collectively referred to as the organism’s ecological niche.
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Ecological Succession02:17

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Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning
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JenaTron - An Experimental Approach to Study the Effects of Plant History and Soil History on Grassland Ecosystem Functioning

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Species-Specific Effects on Ecosystem Functioning Can Be Altered by Interspecific Interactions.

David S Clare1, Matthew Spencer1, Leonie A Robinson1

  • 1School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GP, United Kingdom.

Plos One
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Biodiversity changes impact ecosystem functions, but species interactions, not just traits, alter these effects. Interspecific interactions can be facilitative or antagonistic, complicating predictions of ecosystem functioning.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine ecology
  • Benthic invertebrates
  • Ecosystem functioning

Background:

  • Biological assemblages change dynamically, with species introductions, extirpations, and density shifts.
  • Ecosystem functioning changes are theoretically predictable by species traits, but interspecific interactions can modify these effects.
  • Environmental context and specific functions influence the strength and sign of species interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess how changing densities of two marine invertebrates, Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor, affect organic matter consumption and nutrient flux.
  • To investigate the role of interspecific interactions in modifying species-specific effects on ecosystem functions.
  • To compare trait-based predictions with observed effects under different environmental conditions (microcosm vs. field).

Main Methods:

  • Conducted complementary experiments in homogenous laboratory microcosms and heterogeneous field plots.
  • Manipulated the densities of Corophium volutator and Hediste diversicolor concurrently.
  • Measured organic matter consumption and benthic-pelagic nutrient flux as key ecological functions.

Main Results:

  • In microcosms, increased invertebrate densities led to enhanced organic matter consumption and reduced nutrient flux due to interspecific interactions.
  • Trait-based predictions were only supported when the density of the interacting species was low.
  • In field plots, increased densities positively affected organic matter consumption without significant interactions, and had no effect on nutrient flux.

Conclusions:

  • Species-specific effects on ecosystem functioning are modulated by interspecific interactions, which can be facilitative or antagonistic.
  • Biodiversity change impacts on ecosystem functioning may not be solely predictable from species traits.
  • Discrepancies in detected interactions between microcosms and field plots warrant further investigation into environmental context effects.