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Related Concept Videos

Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I

7.0K
Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
7.0K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

1.9K
Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Experimental System of Solar Adsorption Refrigeration with Concentrated Collector
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Radiative Cooling: Principles, Progress, and Potentials.

Md Muntasir Hossain1, Min Gu1

  • 1Centre for Micro-Photonics Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria 3122 Australia.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiative cooling offers efficient passive cooling by emitting heat through the atmospheric window. Recent advancements enable significant daytime cooling under direct sunlight, showcasing practical applications.

Keywords:
atmospheric radiationradiative coolingselective radiatorsthermal radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Optics

Background:

  • Radiative cooling leverages infrared thermal radiation emission through the atmospheric window to release heat.
  • This passive cooling method minimizes absorption of ambient radiation, enabling sub-ambient temperatures.
  • While effective at night, significant daytime radiative cooling under direct sunlight is a recent breakthrough.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the fundamental principles of radiative cooling.
  • To analyze performance factors including nonradiative heat transfer, solar radiation, and atmospheric conditions.
  • To review recent advancements in radiative cooling materials and structures.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of thermal radiators and solar reflectors in state-of-the-art radiative coolers.
  • Benchmarking peak cooling performance.
  • Theoretical estimation of efficiency improvements.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of significant cooling under direct sunlight, highlighting practical daytime applications.
  • Detailed discussion of radiative cooling principles and performance characteristics.
  • Evaluation of material and structural advancements in current radiative coolers.

Conclusions:

  • Radiative cooling shows great potential for highly efficient passive cooling, especially during the day.
  • Recent material and structural innovations have significantly improved radiative cooler performance.
  • Further optimization of device characteristics can enhance radiative cooling efficiency.