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Related Concept Videos

Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

2.4K
Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
2.4K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
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The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia

Published on: November 19, 2008

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Preterm Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Krishna Revanna Gopagondanahalli1, Jingang Li2, Michael C Fahey3

  • 1Monash Children's Hospital , Melbourne, VIC , Australia.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is complex in preterm infants, with higher risks of adverse outcomes. This review clarifies causes, diagnosis, and proposes a uniform definition for better neuroprotection.

Keywords:
asphyxiacerebral palsyencephalopathyexcitotoxicitypreterm brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Perinatal medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a defined syndrome in term infants but complex in preterm infants.
  • Existing studies on preterm HIE are heterogeneous, lacking uniform criteria and reported outcomes.
  • Preterm infants may experience HIE more frequently and with worse neurological outcomes than term infants.

Approach:

  • Reviewing available evidence on preterm hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII).
  • Elucidating the causes and consequences of preterm hypoxia-ischemia.
  • Examining diagnostic tools and outcomes for preterm HIE.

Key Points:

  • The incidence of HII in preterm infants is likely underestimated.
  • Preterm HIE presents a more complex clinical course compared to term infants.
  • Adverse neurological outcomes are more prevalent in preterm infants with HIE.

Conclusions:

  • A uniform definition for preterm HIE is needed to identify at-risk infants.
  • Standardized definitions can aid in selecting infants for neuroprotective therapies.
  • Further research is crucial for understanding and managing preterm HIE effectively.