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Related Concept Videos

Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base-pairs of DNA. Each base-pair is 0.34 nm long, which means that each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. How is such a long DNA strand packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10 - 20 microns in diameter? 
The chromatin
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Chromatin Packaging01:32

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Each human somatic cell contains 6 billion base pairs of DNA. Each base pair is 0.34 nm long, meaning each diploid cell contains a staggering 2 meters of DNA. This long DNA strand is packed inside a nucleus measuring only 10-20 microns in diameter with the help of specialized DNA-binding proteins called histones. Together they form a compact DNA-protein complex called chromatin. The chromatin is further compacted into higher-order structures. The highest level of compaction is achieved during...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Getting an A with the 3Cs: Chromosome Conformation Capture for Undergraduates
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Chromatin Starts to Come Clean.

Shengjiang Tu1, Gary LeRoy1, Danny Reinberg1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Molecular Cell
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified TRIM24, a novel protein crucial for maintaining pluripotency networks. This discovery enhances our understanding of chromatin-associated factors in stem cell biology.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Proteomics
  • Chromatin biology

Background:

  • Identifying the molecular machinery governing pluripotency is essential for stem cell research.
  • Chromatin organization plays a critical role in maintaining the pluripotent state.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel proteins associated with the chromatin network of pluripotent stem cells.
  • To characterize the role of these proteins in maintaining pluripotency.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (ChIP-MS) was employed.
  • Proteomic analysis was performed on immunoprecipitated chromatin.

Main Results:

  • A novel protein, TRIM24, was identified and found to be enriched on chromatin associated with key pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG.

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  • TRIM24 is a significant component of the chromatin-associated pluripotent network.

    • Conclusions:

    • TRIM24 is a novel chromatin-associated protein involved in maintaining pluripotency.
    • The ChIP-MS technique is a powerful tool for discovering novel proteomic components of specific cellular states.