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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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MIS12/MIND Control at the Kinetochore.

Rene Ladurner1, Aaron F Straight1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Kinetochore complexes, MIS12 and MIND, were structurally revealed, detailing how they link chromosomes to microtubules for cell division. These findings illuminate crucial mechanisms for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.

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Related Experiment Videos

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Kinetochores are essential multiprotein structures mediating chromosome-microtubule attachment.
  • Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis relies on functional kinetochores.
  • The MIS12 and MIND complexes are key components of the kinetochore.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural organization of the human MIS12 and budding yeast MIND kinetochore complexes.
  • To identify the regulatory mechanisms governing kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
  • To provide insights into the molecular basis of chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy were used to determine complex structures.
  • Biochemical assays were employed to investigate regulatory mechanisms.
  • Comparative analysis between human and yeast complexes was performed.

Main Results:

  • The detailed structures of the human MIS12 and yeast MIND complexes were resolved.
  • Key regulatory interactions within these complexes were identified.
  • Structural insights explain how these complexes facilitate microtubule binding.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the architecture of MIS12 and MIND kinetochore complexes.
  • Understanding these structures clarifies the mechanisms of chromosome-microtubule linkage.
  • This work advances our knowledge of mitotic chromosome segregation.