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Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
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Gender differences in category-specificity do not reflect innate dispositions.

Christian Gerlach1, Guido Gainotti2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|November 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study found no gender differences in category-specificity for object processing in young adults from a gender-equal society. Socially-based familiarity, not evolutionary factors, likely explains previous gender disparities in cognitive tasks.

Keywords:
Category-effectsEvolutionGender differencesSemanticsVisual object processing

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Psychology

Background:

  • Category-specificity describes efficient object processing for certain categories in specific tasks.
  • Previous research suggested gender differences in category-specificity.
  • The evolutionary origin of these gender differences was hypothesized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if gender differences in category-specificity have an evolutionary basis.
  • To test for gender differences in category-specificity in a gender-equality oriented society.

Main Methods:

  • A large sample (N=366) of young adults from a gender-equality oriented society was tested.
  • Two tasks were employed: object decision and superordinate categorization.
  • Category-effects were reliably observed in both tasks.

Main Results:

  • No significant gender differences in category-specificity were found in the tested population.
  • Category-effects were robust across participants.

Conclusions:

  • The findings do not support an evolutionary origin for gender differences in category-specificity.
  • Socially-based differences in familiarity, potentially from gender roles, may explain prior observations of gender disparities.