Insight into role of microbiota-gut-brain peptides as a target for biotechnology innovations

It has long been understood that some microorganisms may modify their hosts behavior in various systems. Nevertheless, it has only been in recent years that gut microbiota have opened new perspectives to appreciate their potential for affect complex neurological function in mammals. Efforts have demonstrated the ability of these gut-microbiota to impact neurological outcomes, suggested a prominent role for the gut microbiota in the gut-brain interactions, indicating that alterations in bidirectional microbiota-brain-gut may be involved in a number of brain disorders. Further, the identification of bioactive microbial signals, including their immune mediators, gut hormones and/or peptides, during health and disease situations, can serve as a tool for discovering novel activities that influence behavior and neurological function in hosts. Current review aims to provide an overview and shed some light on fundamental characteristics of the gut microbiota in modulating neurological disorders and consequently to draw up alternative strategies for using the gut microbiota or their active molecules as a therapeutic target for future diagnoses.