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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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An Emerging Regulatory Landscape for Skeletal Development.

Hironori Hojo1, Andrew P McMahon2, Shinsuke Ohba1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

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|November 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic studies reveal key molecular processes in skeletal development. Genome-scale research further illuminates gene regulatory networks controlling cartilage and bone cell fate, advancing our understanding of mammalian skeletal formation.

Keywords:
cell specificationchondrocytesgene regulatory networksosteoblastskeletal developmenttranscriptional regulators

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal development establishes the body's physical structure and influences actions.
  • Genetic studies over two decades have elucidated molecular processes in skeletal formation.
  • Signaling pathways and transcriptional factors are crucial for coordinating cartilage and bone cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of transcriptional control in mammalian skeletal development.
  • To focus on insights gained from recent genome-scale studies.
  • To integrate gene regulatory landscapes with cell type-specific programs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies.
  • Analysis of genome-scale data.
  • Integration of cis-regulatory module information.
  • Focus on transcriptional control mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key signaling pathways and transcriptional effectors.
  • Understanding of the temporal and spatial coordination of cell fate emergence.
  • Elucidation of gene regulatory networks governing skeletal development.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian skeletal development is intricately controlled by transcriptional programs.
  • Genome-scale studies provide a deeper understanding of gene regulation in this process.
  • Further research integrating regulatory information is essential for comprehending skeletal cell fate.