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Related Concept Videos

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

94.6K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
94.6K
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

8.6K
Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
8.6K
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

13.5K
Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either...
13.5K
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

9.3K
Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
9.3K
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

10.4K
Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
10.4K
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

5.4K
Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

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Phagocytosis: Hungry, Hungry Cells.

Matthew Gray1, Roberto J Botelho2,3

  • 1Molecular Science Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5B2K3.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Phagocytosis is how cells engulf particles for degradation. This review covers how immune cells recognize and internalize targets, and how pathogens manipulate this process for survival.

Keywords:
Apoptotic bodiesEndosomesImmunityLysosomesMyeloid cellsPathogenPhagocytosisPhagosome maturationReceptorsReview

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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Visualizing the Early Stages of Phagocytosis
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Time-lapse 3D Imaging of Phagocytosis by Mouse Macrophages
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Phagocytosis is crucial for tissue homeostasis and immune defense.
  • Phagosomes mature into phagolysosomes for particle degradation.
  • Pathogens have evolved to subvert phagocytosis for their own survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of particle recognition and phagosome maturation.
  • To explore how signaling pathways modulate phagosome formation.
  • To highlight knowledge gaps in phagosome fission and resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on phagocytosis and phagosome maturation.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in phagocyte-particle interactions.
  • Exploration of pathogen manipulation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Phagocytes recognize targets via specific receptors, triggering actin-dependent membrane remodeling.
  • Phagosome maturation involves fusion with endosomes and lysosomes.
  • Pathogens actively interfere with phagocytosis and maturation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding phagocytosis is key to both tissue repair and immunity.
  • Further research is needed on phagosome fission and resolution processes.
  • Pathogen evasion strategies highlight the dynamic interplay between host and microbe.