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Proteomics

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...

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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

Published on: January 13, 2019

Spaceflight induced changes in the human proteome.

Alexey S Kononikhin^1,2,3, Natalia L Starodubtseva^2,4,3, Lyudmila Kh Pastushkova¹

¹a Institute of Biomedical Problems - Russian Federation State Scientific Research Center, Laboratory of proteomics , Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow , Russia.

Expert Review of Proteomics

|November 8, 2016

Summary

Spaceflight proteomic data reveals molecular changes in astronauts due to extreme conditions like radiation and microgravity. Understanding these effects is key to developing personalized countermeasures for astronaut health and safety.

Keywords:

MARS 500 Spaceflight bed rest study dry immersion extreme conditions human proteome microgravity proteomics spaceflight simulation

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Area of Science:

Space Biology
Proteomics
Human Physiology

Background:

Spaceflight presents extreme environmental challenges including radiation, microgravity, and isolation.
Understanding molecular responses to spaceflight is crucial for astronaut health.
Personalized countermeasures are needed to mitigate spaceflight-induced risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and summarize available proteomic data on human responses to spaceflight factors.
To synthesize findings from real space missions and ground-based experiments.
To provide expert commentary on current knowledge and future directions.

Main Methods:

Literature search of PubMed, NASA, and Roskosmos databases.
Inclusion of authors' research experiences and expert opinions.
Analysis of proteomic data from spaceflight and analog studies.

Main Results:

Proteomic data provides insights into molecular alterations caused by spaceflight.
Both in-flight and ground-based studies contribute to understanding human adaptation.
Current research highlights the impact of radiation, microgravity, and hypodynamia.

Conclusions:

Advancements in methodology and equipment are enhancing spaceflight safety.
Continued proteomic research will deepen our understanding of organismal adaptation to extreme environments.
Improved knowledge supports the development of effective astronaut health countermeasures.