Microbial activities in soil cultivated with corn and amended with sewage sludge

One of the main concerns related to the increasing use of sewage sludge in the soil is the possible presence of excess nutrients, which could cause environmental problems and detrimental effects on the soil microorganisms, considered essential to soil nutrient cycling. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the microbial biomass and activity and some chemical characteristics of one specific tropical soil, classified as Dark Red Distroferric Latosol, of a loamy/clayey texture, in a long-term field experiment using anaerobically digested household sludge amendment. The sludge doses applied were the recommended dose and 2, 4 and 8 times the recommended dose. The authors hypothesized that the frequent application of this compound to the soil, even when using the recommended dose, could affect the available phosphorus (P_av) and heavy metal contents of the soil, resulting in concentrations above the needs of the culture as well as negatively affecting the activity of the soil microorganisms.

The results demonstrated that successive applications of sludge, calculated considering the recommended dose of N for corn, did not increase the soil P_av contents in relation to the treatment in which the fertilizer was applied considering the nutrient needs of the culture, contrary to what happened with the highest sludge doses. The Cr, Ni and Cu contents increased with increase in sludge dose, but did not surpass the limits considered inadequate. There were no accentuated differences between the treatments with respect to microbial biomass C. Basal respiration and the FDA hydrolysis were considered to be the parameters that most differentiated the effect of increasing sludge doses on the microbial activity.

The application of a sludge dose to a tropical soil, based on the recommended dose, did not affect the P_av or heavy metal contents of the soil even after years of application. Since there were no differences between the treatments with respect to the C_mic values, to the contrary of what happened with the other microbiological parameters evaluated, the possibility of changes in the composition of the microbial community with the higher sludge doses was considered.