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Poor early growth and high salt intake in Indian infants

Simonetta Genovesi1,2, Laura Antolini3, Antonina Orlando1

  • 1a Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano-Bicocca and Nephrology Unit, San Gerardo Hospital , Monza , Italy.

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
|November 8, 2016
PubMed

Insights

In West Bengal, India, infants with poor growth showed better weight and BMI with breastfeeding. However, early salt addition to diets may pose risks for arterial hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition
  • Public Health
  • Growth Monitoring

Background:

  • Infant feeding patterns and dietary salt intake in West Bengal, India, are not well understood.
  • Poor anthropometric measurements (Z-scores) were prevalent in the studied infant population.
  • Exclusive breastfeeding rates were high in infants aged 0-6 months (72.7%).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of feeding patterns and dietary salt on infant growth in West Bengal.
  • To identify potential risk factors for poor growth and future health issues like arterial hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 517 infants (median age 6.5 months).
  • Data collection on anthropometric parameters, feeding practices (including breastfeeding), and dietary salt intake.
  • Regression analysis adjusted for age to assess the influence of salt on growth indicators.

Main Results:

  • All anthropometric parameters showed negative Z-scores, indicating poor growth.
  • In infants aged 6-12 months, 91.5% had salt added to their foods.
  • A low salt diet was significantly associated with increased weight-for-length and BMI-for-age Z-scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Breastfeeding is linked to better growth indicators in West Bengal infants experiencing poor growth.
  • Early introduction of salt into the diet of infants is common.
  • High salt intake in early life, combined with low birth weight, may be a risk factor for developing arterial hypertension in Indian children.

Keywords:
IndiaInfantgrowthhypertensionnutritionsalt

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