Identification of significantly different modules between permanent and deciduous teeth by network and pathway...

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Molecular Biology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Deciduous and permanent teeth exhibit distinct genetic backgrounds, influencing their development, histology, and life cycles.
• Understanding these genetic differences is crucial for comprehending tooth progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify significantly different gene expression modules between permanent and deciduous teeth using network and pathway analyses.
• To explore the molecular pathogenesis and potential biomarkers related to the transition from deciduous to permanent dentition.

Main Methods:

• Differential gene expression analysis identified 291 differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
• Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) constructed co-expression networks of DEGs.
• Integrated network and pathway analyses identified three key pathway-related modules: calcium signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.

Main Results:

• Three significant pathways were identified with a high number of DEGs and P < 0.01.
• Four genes (TMEM229A, PPAPDC1A, LEPREL1, GAD1) and three pathway-related modules showed significant differences and good network centrality.
• Validation confirmed differential expression for TMEM229A, LEPREL1, and GAD1 via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

• The study identified distinct molecular pathways and key genes differentiating permanent and deciduous teeth.
• These findings enhance understanding of the molecular basis of tooth development and progression.
• Identified genes and pathways may serve as potential biomarkers for deciduous to permanent tooth transition.