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[Update on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma]

Rodrigo Gopar-Nieto1, Alejandro Cabello-López, Cuauhtémoc Arturo Juárez-Pérez

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Regional "Lic. Adolfo López Mateos", Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de México, México. gpeaguilarm@gmail.com.

Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|November 8, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Malignant pleural mesothelioma, a cancer linked to asbestos exposure, is expected to rise in Mexico due to continued asbestos use. Early detection through occupational history and diagnostic tools is crucial for managing this asbestos-related disease.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an asbestos-induced occupational cancer.
  • Asbestos use remains legal in Mexico, predicting an increase in mesothelioma cases.
  • Ubiquitous asbestos presence in products leads to widespread exposure and health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the link between asbestos exposure and malignant pleural mesothelioma.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic challenges and current treatment limitations.
  • To advocate for improved surveillance and diagnostic strategies for asbestos-exposed populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the pathophysiology of asbestos carcinogenicity.
  • Outline of diagnostic approaches including occupational history, clinical evaluation, and imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI).
  • Discussion of diagnostic procedures like pleural fluid cytology, biopsy, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Inhaled asbestos fibers persist, migrating to the pleura and causing chronic inflammation.
  • Diagnosis involves a combination of history, symptoms, and advanced imaging and pathological studies.
  • Lung adenocarcinoma is a key differential diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Timely diagnosis of asbestos exposure is critical for malignant pleural mesothelioma management.
  • Palliative care is primary, with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery as options in select cases.
  • Urgent need for screening tools, prompt diagnostics, and epidemiological surveillance for exposed individuals.
Keywords:
AsbestosMesotheliomaOccupational health

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