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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Biomechanical Changes Related to Low Back Pain: An Innovative Tool for Movement Pattern Assessment and Treatment Evaluation in Rehabilitation
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Epidemiological Differences Between Localized and Nonlocalized Low Back Pain.

David Coggon1,2, Georgia Ntani1,2, Karen Walker-Bone1,2

  • 1Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.

Spine
|November 8, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Localized low back pain (LBP) is epidemiologically distinct from nonlocalized LBP. Nonlocalized LBP is more disabling, persistent, and associated with specific risk factors, highlighting the need for differentiation in studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Musculoskeletal Health
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Low back pain (LBP) frequently co-occurs with pain in other body regions.
  • Shared risk factors exist between LBP and widespread pain, yet epidemiological distinctions are understudied.
  • Previous research has often not differentiated between localized LBP and LBP associated with broader pain distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological differences between localized low back pain and nonlocalized low back pain.
  • To test the hypothesis that localized LBP has distinct epidemiological characteristics compared to LBP occurring with pain at other sites.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional survey with longitudinal follow-up.
  • Analysis of data from the CUPID cohort study, including 12,197 subjects across 47 occupational groups in 18 countries.
  • Collection of data on musculoskeletal pain, disability, and risk factors via baseline and follow-up questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Nonlocalized LBP (31.3% of subjects) was more prevalent than localized LBP (4.9%).
  • Nonlocalized LBP was more frequently associated with sciatica, occurred on more days, was more disabling, and led to more medical consultations and sickness absence.
  • Nonlocalized LBP showed higher persistence over 14 months and was differentially associated with risk factors like female sex, older age, and somatization tendency.

Conclusions:

  • Epidemiological studies should differentiate between localized low back pain and low back pain co-occurring with pain at other anatomical locations.
  • Understanding these distinctions is crucial for accurate LBP research and management.
  • Nonlocalized LBP represents a distinct clinical and epidemiological entity requiring specific consideration.