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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis I01:49

Meiosis I

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Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by...
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
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Meiosis vs. Mitosis02:57

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Cell division is necessary for growth and reproduction in organisms. Mitosis aids cell growth and development by dividing somatic cells. In contrast, meiosis causes the division of germ cells and plays an essential role in sexual reproduction. Due to their unique functional requirements, mitosis and meiosis differ from each other in multiple aspects.
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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In Vitro Modeling of Down Syndrome Neurogenesis Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Down's syndrome.

Doreen Crawford1, Annette Dearmun2

  • 1Independent health consultancy.

Nursing Children and Young People
|November 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Down's syndrome is a common congenital anomaly affecting 1 in 1000 UK infants. This condition impacts all races and sexes equally, named after its first describer.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Developmental Biology
  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Down's syndrome is a frequent congenital anomaly with a prevalence of 1:1000 live births in the UK.
  • The condition affects individuals across all racial groups.
  • There is an equal incidence observed between males and females.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of Down's syndrome.
  • To highlight key epidemiological features of the condition.
  • To establish foundational knowledge regarding Down's syndrome prevalence and demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological data on Down's syndrome.
  • Analysis of demographic information regarding affected populations.
  • Historical review of the condition's nomenclature.

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Main Results:

  • Confirms Down's syndrome as a significant congenital anomaly in the UK.
  • Demonstrates a consistent prevalence rate across diverse populations.
  • Establishes the condition's equal impact on both sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Down's syndrome represents a common genetic condition with widespread occurrence.
  • Epidemiological data underscore the need for awareness and support for affected individuals and families.
  • Understanding the demographics of Down's syndrome is crucial for public health initiatives.