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Isolation and Analysis of Plasma Lipoproteins by Ultracentrifugation
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Nutritional management of hyperapoB.

Valérie Lamantia1, Allan Sniderman2, May Faraj1

  • 11Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine,Université de Montréal,Montréal,Québec,Canada.

Nutrition Research Reviews
|November 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Dietary changes can significantly lower plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB), a key marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Focusing on weight loss and specific nutrient-rich foods like those in a Mediterranean diet is recommended.

Keywords:
CHO carbohydrateDASH Dietary Approaches to Stop HypertensionFA fatty acidHDL-C HDL-cholesterolLDL-C LDL-cholesterolLp(a) lipoprotein (a)MCFA medium-chain fatty acidMed diet Mediterranean dietRCT randomised controlled trialRESMENA Reduction of the Metabolic Syndrome in Navarra-SpainT2D type 2 diabetesTRL TAG-rich lipoproteinVLDL-C VLDL-cholesterolhyperapoB hyperapobetalipoproteinaemianon-HDL-C non-HDL-cholesterolApoB-lipoproteinsBehaviour modification programmesCardiometabolic risksLDL

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a superior risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to LDL-cholesterol.
  • Nutritional reviews specifically examining apoB reduction are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing nutritional studies and identify dietary strategies that effectively reduce plasma apoB levels.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for dietary patterns targeting hyperapoB and associated disease risks.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of eighty-seven nutritional studies.
  • Analysis of studies involving weight loss through hypoenergetic diets.
  • Comparison of isoenergetic diets with varying macronutrient compositions.
  • Evaluation of specific food components and dietary patterns (e.g., Mediterranean, DASH).

Main Results:

  • Weight loss (6-12%) via hypoenergetic diets consistently reduced plasma apoB.
  • Isoenergetic diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and lower in carbohydrates decreased apoB.
  • Increased intake of n-3 fatty acids, psyllium, phytosterols, and nuts lowered apoB, particularly in hyperlipidaemic individuals.
  • High trans-fatty acid intake increased apoB, though likely not representative of typical consumption.

Conclusions:

  • A Mediterranean dietary pattern effectively reduces plasma apoB and is recommended for managing hyperapoB.
  • Dietary strategies should focus on weight management and incorporating MUFA, n-3 fatty acids, fiber, and phytosterols.
  • These dietary modifications can help mitigate the risks of CVD and T2D.