Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

401
Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
401
Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison

332
Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
332
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model

377
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
377
Self-Esteem01:28

Self-Esteem

303
Self-esteem, a core aspect of psychological well-being, reflects an individual's positive and negative self-evaluation in terms of worth, competence, and overall value. It is both a stable trait and a dynamic process, influenced by experiences and social interactions across the lifespan. While global self-esteem offers a general assessment, research highlights that self-esteem is multidimensional and varies across specific life domains.Domain-Specific Self-EsteemResearchers have delineated...
303
Benefits of Self-Esteem01:25

Benefits of Self-Esteem

244
Self-esteem—an individual's overall evaluation of their worth—plays a complex role in psychological functioning and well-being. It is often associated with many positive traits, such as confidence, optimism, and perseverance. Individuals with high self-esteem typically experience better sleep, manage peer pressure more effectively, and report greater life satisfaction. Conversely, low self-esteem has been consistently linked with increased risks of depression, anxiety, and poor...
244
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

5.8K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical and personal recovery in depression across different recovery phases - A cross-sectional study.

Journal of affective disorders·2026
Same author

Efficacy and Moderators of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Difficult-to-Treat Depression: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Psychotherapy and psychosomatics·2026
Same author

Characterizing functional connectivity gradients for the hippocampus-amygdala complex in healthy and psychiatric cohorts.

Brain structure & function·2026
Same author

Cognitive control training as an add-on treatment for late-life depression: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Internet interventions·2026
Same author

Long-Term Outcomes, Moderators, and Predictors in Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for People With Cancer: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Journal of medical Internet research·2026
Same author

Enhancing positive memory schemas with tDCS: a pilot study.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.2K

Implicit and explicit self-esteem in remitted depressed patients.

Danique Smeijers1, Janna N Vrijsen2, Iris van Oostrom2

  • 1Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
|November 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Remitted depressed patients have lower explicit self-esteem (ESE) but not implicit self-esteem (ISE) compared to controls. Damaged self-esteem, a combination of low ESE and ISE, is linked to residual depressive symptoms.

Keywords:
DepressionExplicit self-esteemImplicit self-esteemRemissionSelf-esteemVulnerability

More Related Videos

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.2K
Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

9.2K
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
09:14

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

1.2K
Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Low self-esteem is a key symptom and vulnerability factor for depression.
  • Previous research often studied implicit self-esteem (ISE) and explicit self-esteem (ESE) in isolation.
  • The interplay between ISE and ESE in depression vulnerability remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between ISE and ESE in individuals vulnerable to depression.
  • To compare depression-vulnerable individuals (remitted depressed patients; RDs) with never-depressed controls (NDs).

Main Methods:

  • Participants included 75 RDs and 75 NDs.
  • Explicit self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).
  • Implicit self-esteem was assessed via the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Name Letter Preference Task (NLPT).

Main Results:

  • Remitted depressed patients reported significantly lower ESE than never-depressed controls.
  • No significant differences in ISE were found between the two groups.
  • RDs demonstrated a 'damaged self-esteem' profile, characterized by low congruent self-esteem, which correlated with residual depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction between implicit and explicit self-esteem is crucial in understanding depression.
  • Damaged self-esteem, rather than low congruent self-esteem alone, appears more detrimental in the context of depression.
  • Findings suggest distinct roles for ISE and ESE in depression vulnerability and symptomology.