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Chronic melioidosis presenting with multiple abscesses.

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Melioidosis, a serious bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, often mimics other diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial, especially in diabetic patients, to prevent severe outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Melioidosis is endemic in Australia and Southeast Asia, with increasing recognition in India.
  • The disease presents with diverse clinical manifestations, often mimicking other infections and conditions.
  • Diabetic patients are particularly susceptible to severe melioidosis.

Observation:

  • A case of a diabetic male with a 3-month history of undiagnosed fever, septic shock, peri-articular nodules, lung opacities, and multiple muscle abscesses is presented.
  • Autoimmune conditions were excluded.
  • Infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei was suspected based on clinical presentation.

Findings:

  • Blood cultures confirmed the diagnosis of melioidosis by isolating Burkholderia pseudomallei.
  • The patient received prolonged treatment with intravenous ceftazidime followed by oral cotrimoxazole.
  • Complete recovery was achieved with the prescribed treatment regimen.

Implications:

  • Increased clinician and microbiologist awareness of melioidosis is essential for early diagnosis.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent mortality and severe morbidity associated with melioidosis.
  • This case highlights the importance of considering melioidosis in patients with unexplained febrile illnesses and abscesses, particularly in endemic regions and in diabetic individuals.