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Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry
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The nucleolar protein GLTSCR2 is required for efficient viral replication

Peng Wang1, Wen Meng1, Shi-Chong Han1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

Scientific Reports
|November 9, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 protein (GLTSCR2) aids viral replication by moving to the cytoplasm and weakening the innate immune response. Targeting GLTSCR2 may offer a new strategy for antiviral therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The nucleolar protein Glioma tumor suppressor candidate region gene 2 protein (GLTSCR2) role in cellular innate immunity was investigated.
  • Understanding GLTSCR2's function is crucial for deciphering host-pathogen interactions during viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of GLTSCR2 in the cellular innate immune response to viral infections.
  • To determine how GLTSCR2 influences viral replication and host defense mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated GLTSCR2's cellular localization changes upon viral infection.
  • Examined the interaction of cytoplasmic GLTSCR2 with RIG-I and USP15.
  • Assessed the impact of GLTSCR2 translocation inhibition on viral replication and IFN-β production.

Main Results:

  • GLTSCR2 supports the replication of rhabdovirus, paramyxovirus, and coronavirus.
  • Viral infection induces GLTSCR2 nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation, where it interacts with RIG-I and USP15.
  • This interaction enhances USP15 activity, leading to RIG-I deubiquitination, reduced type I interferon (IFN-β) production, and consequently, enhanced viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • GLTSCR2 attenuates the host's innate immune response by interfering with the RIG-I signaling pathway.
  • GLTSCR2 facilitates efficient viral replication, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for controlling viral infections.

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