Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Cell Wall01:22

Bacterial Cell Wall

5.0K
The bacterial cell wall is an essential structural component that encases the plasma membrane, preserving cellular integrity, determining shape, and protecting against osmotic stress. This rigid yet flexible structure primarily comprises peptidoglycan, a polymer that forms a mesh-like matrix conferring mechanical strength and flexibility.Peptidoglycan Composition and StructurePeptidoglycan, the core of the bacterial cell wall, comprises alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and...
5.0K
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

61.4K
The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.
61.4K
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

8.3K
Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
8.3K
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

5.2K
 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
5.2K
Archaeal Cell Wall01:29

Archaeal Cell Wall

1.5K
Archaeal cell walls are structurally and compositionally distinct from their bacterial counterparts, lacking the characteristic peptidoglycan layer found in most bacteria. Instead, archaeal cell walls exhibit remarkable diversity, utilizing materials such as pseudomurein, polysaccharides, and proteins to construct their protective outer layers. This structural flexibility is closely tied to archaea's ecological adaptability.S-Layers: The Common Archaeal Cell WallThe S-layer is the most...
1.5K
What are Cells?01:15

What are Cells?

52.0K
Cells are the smallest and basic units of life, whether it is a single cell that forms the entire organism, e.g., in a bacterium, or trillions of them, e.g., in humans. No matter what organism a cell is a part of, they share specific characteristics.
Basic Characteristics of Cells
A living cell has a plasma membrane, a bilayer of lipids that separates the aqueous solution inside the cell called the cytoplasm from the outside environment.
Furthermore, a living cell possesses genetic information...
52.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Spatial specificity of MADS-box transcription factors in developing floral organs.

Journal of experimental botany·2026
Same author

CESA7 and microtubules pattern complex secondary cell walls in explosive fruit of Cardamine hirsuta.

The Plant cell·2026
Same author

CUC/auxin patterning of decanalised petal number in <i>Cardamine hirsuta</i>.

Quantitative plant biology·2025
Same author

The impact of implementing universal screening for antenatal mental health conditions in Southern Tasmania, Australia: A retrospective observational study.

Midwifery·2025
Same author

Polyploid genome assembly of <i>Cardamine chenopodiifolia</i>.

GigaByte (Hong Kong, China)·2025
Same author

Explosive seed dispersal.

Current biology : CB·2024
Same journal

Living sensors: Engineering plants to sense and report on their environments.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Connecting the dots in plant metabolism: Isotopic labeling and metabolic flux analysis.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Seeds in suspension: Cell type-specific control of seed dormancy and germination initiation.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Amino acid sensing and signaling in plants.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

No energy, no defense: Metabolic input shapes defense signaling.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
Same journal

Bridging paradoxes in recombination at NLR cluster: A structural genomics perspective.

Current opinion in plant biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR
09:37

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

Published on: February 12, 2019

8.0K

Cells, walls, and endless forms.

Marie Monniaux1, Angela Hay1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology
|November 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant evolution showcases diverse forms through cell wall and cuticle modifications. Studies in non-model species reveal fundamental developmental processes driving evolutionary novelty.

More Related Videos

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Primary Cell Wall in Living Plant Organs Using Atomic Force Microscopy
09:52

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Primary Cell Wall in Living Plant Organs Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: May 18, 2022

2.8K
Histochemical Staining of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Wall Elements
10:39

Histochemical Staining of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Wall Elements

Published on: May 13, 2014

42.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR
09:37

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

Published on: February 12, 2019

8.0K
Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Primary Cell Wall in Living Plant Organs Using Atomic Force Microscopy
09:52

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Primary Cell Wall in Living Plant Organs Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: May 18, 2022

2.8K
Histochemical Staining of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Wall Elements
10:39

Histochemical Staining of Arabidopsis thaliana Secondary Cell Wall Elements

Published on: May 13, 2014

42.7K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant science

Background:

  • Understanding the evolution of biological diversity is a central question in biology.
  • Advances in experimental systems, image analysis, and modeling aid in studying cellular basis of form.
  • Non-model plant systems offer unique insights into evolutionary processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of cell wall and cuticle modifications in the evolution of plant forms.
  • To explore how altered cell growth patterns contribute to diverse plant structures.
  • To investigate the genetic regulation underlying novel plant morphologies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative studies in diverse non-model plant species.
  • Analysis of cell wall and cuticle structures using advanced imaging techniques.
  • Investigation of gene expression patterns, particularly transcription factors, involved in development.

Main Results:

  • Cell wall modifications, like lignification in Cardamine hirsuta, drive explosive seed dispersal.
  • Cuticular folds in Hibiscus trionum petals create iridescence.
  • NAC transcription factors and HD-ZIP class I factors regulate cell differentiation and growth, influencing vascular systems and leaf shape.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular and developmental mechanisms, particularly involving cell walls and cuticles, are crucial for the evolution of plant form.
  • Studies in non-model plants reveal fundamental developmental principles with broad evolutionary implications.
  • Targeted genetic regulation of cell growth and differentiation underlies the emergence of diverse plant structures.