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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Contractile rings are composed of microfilaments and are responsible for separating the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Contractile ring assembly proceeds along with other cell cycle events; however, very few mechanistic details are known about the timing and coordination of the contractile rings with the cell cycle.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Optogenetic Inhibition of Rho1-Mediated Actomyosin Contractility Coupled with Measurement of Epithelial Tension in Drosophila Embryos
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A Radial Actin Network in Apical Constriction.

Zhiyi Lv1, Jörg Großhans1

  • 1Institute for Developmental Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Developmental Cell
|November 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Actomyosin networks drive cell shape changes in animal development. A new study reveals radial actin polarization in constricting cells, proposing a muscle-like contraction model for tissue morphogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Contractile actomyosin networks are crucial for cellular processes like shape change, tissue rearrangement, and migration.
  • These networks play a fundamental role in animal tissue morphogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural organization of the actin network in apically constricting cells.
  • To propose a model for cell constriction based on observed actin organization.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involved advanced microscopy techniques to visualize the actin cytoskeleton.
  • Analysis of actin network organization and polarization within cells undergoing apical constriction.

Main Results:

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  • The actin network was found to be radially polarized in apically constricting cells.
  • This radial polarization suggests a specific mechanism for force generation and cell shape change.

    • Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest a constriction model for apically constricting cells that resembles the contraction mechanism observed in muscle sarcomeres.
    • This provides new insights into the biophysical mechanisms underlying tissue morphogenesis.