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Filtration is a physical separation process that involves passing a suspension through a porous medium to separate solids from fluids. During filtration, solids collect on the porous medium while liquids, also collectively known as the filtrate, pass through. The filtration medium is selected based on the filtration purpose, quantity, and nature of the precipitate. The general criteria for a suitable filtering medium are that it is inert, mechanically strong, nonabsorbent toward dissolved...

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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Manufacturing Of Robust Natural Fiber Preforms Utilizing Bacterial Cellulose as Binder

Manufacturing Of Robust Natural Fiber Preforms Utilizing Bacterial Cellulose as Binder

Published on: May 22, 2014

Process development for cigarette butts recycling into cellulose pulp.

Maria Betânia d'Heni Teixeira¹, Marco Antônio B Duarte², Loureine Raposo Garcez²

¹Laboratório de Materiais e Combustíveis, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Cx. Postal 04478, CEP 70904-970 Brasília/DF, Brazil.

Waste Management (New York, N.Y.)

|November 10, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cigarette butts are toxic waste, but a new process recycles them into cellulose pulp. The resulting dark liquor, treated and reused, offers an eco-friendly disposal solution for this hazardous waste.

Keywords:

Cellulose acetate Cellulose pulp Cigarette butts Recycling Solid waste

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Methods for Facilitating Microbial Growth on Pulp Mill Waste Streams and Characterization of the Biodegradation Potential of Cultured Microbes

Published on: December 12, 2013

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Chemical Engineering
Waste Management

Background:

Cigarette butts are a significant source of environmental pollution due to toxic residues.
Current waste management policies in Brazil mandate environmentally friendly disposal of all residues.
Cigarette butts, containing combustion chemicals and contaminants, may be classified as hazardous waste.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an environmentally friendly process for cigarette butt disposal.
To explore the potential of producing cellulose pulp from cigarette butts.
To treat the hazardous dark liquor generated during the pulping process.

Main Methods:

Alkaline pulping was employed to produce cellulose pulp from cigarette butts.
The generated dark liquor underwent treatment including acidification, coagulation with chitosan and aluminum sulfate, and ozonation.
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was measured before and after each treatment step.

Main Results:

A cellulose pulp production process from cigarette butts was successfully developed.
Treatment reduced COD by 20% (precipitation), 66% (chitosan coagulation), and 45.8% (ozonation).
Reusing the clarified effluent in the alkaline pulping process was proposed as a cost-effective solution due to persistent high COD.

Conclusions:

The developed process offers a viable alternative for the environmentally sound disposal of cigarette butt waste.
Sequential treatment of the dark liquor effectively removed some contaminants, but challenges remain.
Reutilization of treated effluent in the pulping process presents an efficient and economical approach to managing the waste stream.