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Determination of Reproductive Competence by Confirming Pubertal Onset and Performing a Fertility Assay in Mice and Rats
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Infection and pubertal timing: a systematic review.

J A McDonald1, S M Eng1, O O Dina1

  • 11Mailman School of Public Health,Columbia University,New York,NY,USA.

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
|November 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fewer childhood infections may be linked to earlier puberty, potentially increasing risks for reproductive cancers. Research suggests infections are associated with later breast development, but evidence for other pubertal changes is less clear.

Keywords:
breast developmentinfectionmenarchepubertyreview

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Epidemiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Declining age of pubertal timing presents public health concerns, including psychosocial issues and increased cancer risk.
  • Reduced exposure to infections is a potential factor contributing to earlier pubertal onset.
  • Understanding the infection-puberty link is crucial for addressing health implications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the association between infections and pubertal timing.
  • To synthesize evidence regarding the impact of microbial exposures on physical pubertal development and age at menarche.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of Medline, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases.
  • Inclusion of human and animal studies examining infections and pubertal characteristics (breast, genitalia, pubic hair) or menarche.
  • Exclusion of non-English studies, precocious puberty, case studies, and youth with autoimmune diseases.

Main Results:

  • A consistent association was found between infection and later breast development (4/4 human studies).
  • Evidence for infection's effect on genitalia and pubic hair development was less consistent.
  • Studies on age at menarche yielded mixed results, with some supporting later onset and others finding no association.

Conclusions:

  • A limited but consistent body of evidence suggests infections are linked to delayed breast development.
  • The relationship between infections and other pubertal milestones, including age at menarche, requires further investigation.
  • The potential role of decreased childhood infections in the rise of hormone-related cancers warrants continued research.