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Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

116.5K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

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Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
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Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model01:07

Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model

12.8K
In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

5.9K
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
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Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness
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Templating for hierarchical structure control in carbon materials.

Stephen Schrettl1, Bjoern Schulte, Holger Frauenrath

  • 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL - STI - IMX - LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Holger.Frauenrath@epfl.ch.

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|November 10, 2016
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Summary

Templating methods enable precise control over the hierarchical structure of carbon materials. This allows tailoring of atomic to macroscopic features for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon-based materials possess diverse physical properties, driving exploration for advanced applications.
  • Tailoring these properties necessitates control over structural hierarchy from atomic to macroscopic levels.
  • Lack of inherent chemical functionality emphasizes the need for structural control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review templating approaches for hierarchical carbon material structure control.
  • To discuss structure formation across various length scales using templates.
  • To identify remaining challenges in carbon material fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing hard, soft, or molecular templates for carbon material preparation.
  • Combining templating strategies to achieve hierarchical structures.
  • Analyzing structure formation from atomic to macroscopic levels.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of novel hierarchical carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon tubes, forests, monoliths, nanosheets).
  • Demonstration of unusual electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties in templated carbons.
  • Advancement in controlling structure on atomic, nanoscopic, microscopic, and macroscopic scales.

Conclusions:

  • Templating is crucial for hierarchical structure control in carbon materials.
  • Hierarchical structuring enables unique property combinations for emerging technologies.
  • Further research is needed for precise control over carbon connectivity and surface chemistry.