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    Investigating optical coatings in Nd:Glass lasers revealed S-polarized configurations offer higher laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) than P-polarized ones. This finding is crucial for enhancing laser system durability and performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Laser Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Nd:Glass lasers are vital for high-power applications.
    • Optical coatings are critical components determining laser performance and durability.
    • Laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is a key parameter for optical coatings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the LIDT of optical coatings for P-polarized and S-polarized laser configurations in a compact Nd:Glass resonator.
    • To identify the dominant laser-induced damage mechanisms and locations for each polarization.
    • To develop a phenomenological model explaining the observed damage behaviors.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of laser-induced damage in P-polarized and S-polarized configurations at 1064nm with 10ns pulse duration.
    • Measurement of laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) for different optical coatings.
    • Analysis of damage sites and interpretation using a phenomenological model considering nano-absorbers, electric-field intensity (EFI), and coating thickness.

    Main Results:

    • The P-polarized configuration, using one high-reflection (HR) coating, showed laser-induced damage at the substrate-coating interface with an LIDT of 10 ± 2 J/cm².
    • The S-polarized configuration, requiring both HR and anti-reflection (AR) coatings, exhibited an LIDT approximately 1.8 times higher than the P-polarized configuration.
    • Laser-induced damage in the S-polarized configuration was observed at the interface between the AR coating and the Nd:Glass substrate.

    Conclusions:

    • S-polarized configurations offer superior laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) performance compared to P-polarized configurations for optical coatings in Nd:Glass resonators.
    • The interfacial region between optical coatings and the substrate is a critical area for laser-induced damage.
    • The developed phenomenological model provides insights into interfacial damage mechanisms, aiding in the design of more robust laser optics.