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Implementing respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women faces challenges. Addressing these issues can improve HIV research quality and service access for key populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Social Sciences

Background:

  • Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and time-location sampling (TLS) are crucial for reaching key populations like men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women for HIV research.
  • Implementation challenges of these sampling methods are not well-documented, hindering research quality and uptake of HIV services.
  • Addressing these challenges is vital for effective HIV/AIDS research and practice among populations most affected by the epidemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and summarize the implementation challenges of RDS and TLS in key populations.
  • To propose strategies for overcoming these challenges to improve research quality and HIV service engagement.
  • To inform future research design and implementation for better access to HIV services.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of implementation challenges from studies using RDS in Brazil with MSM.
  • Analysis of implementation challenges from studies using TLS in Peru with MSM and transgender women.
  • Synthesis of encountered challenges and potential strategies for addressing them.

Main Results:

  • RDS implementation in Brazil was challenged by study site selection, cash incentives, and seed selection.
  • TLS implementation in Peru faced difficulties due to expansive geography, safety concerns, and time commitment for participants.
  • Key populations encountered specific barriers during the implementation of these sampling strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Formative research and meaningful participation of key populations are essential for successful implementation.
  • Transparency in study design and addressing practical challenges can improve research quality and HIV service linkage.
  • Overcoming implementation barriers is critical to close service gaps for populations disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS.