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New classes of glaucoma medications.

Emily M Schehlein1, Gary D Novack, Alan L Robin

  • 1aUniversity of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland bPharmaLogic Development Inc., San Rafael, California, USA cDepartments of Pharmacology and Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, California dUniversity of Michigan, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan eJohns Hopkins University Department of Ophthalmology and School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

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Recent advances in glaucoma management focus on new drug classes and delivery systems. While few new medications are available, multiple novel therapies are in development for ocular hypertension and glaucoma.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glaucoma and ocular hypertension management relies heavily on medical therapy.
  • Latanoprost, a prostaglandin analog, was the last new class of ocular hypotensive medication approved in 1996.
  • Limited new drug classes have emerged since the late 1990s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the medical treatment of glaucoma.
  • To highlight emerging medical therapies for glaucoma currently under development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent pharmacological treatments for glaucoma.
  • Summary of medications currently in clinical trials, including new classes, molecules, and delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Since 1996, advancements have included new chemical entities, fixed-dose combinations, and improved formulations.
  • No new classes of ocular hypotensive medications were approved globally between the late 1990s and 2010s.
  • Current clinical trials are investigating novel drug classes, molecules, and advanced delivery systems for glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • Medical therapy remains the primary treatment for most glaucoma patients despite adherence challenges.
  • While current options are limited, numerous novel medications and delivery mechanisms are in development.
  • Future glaucoma treatment holds promise with emerging therapies targeting new mechanisms of action.