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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Modeling Brain Metastasis by Internal Carotid Artery Injection of Cancer Cells
Published on: August 2, 2022
Management of breast cancer brain metastases: A practical review
Claire Phillips1, Rosalind Jeffree2, Mustafa Khasraw3
1Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Abstract:
Brain metastases are a common, and frequently challenging, clinical problem in the contemporary management of metastatic breast cancer. While the management of extracranial metastatic breast cancer is now strongly defined by tumour phenotype, this approach is not so well defined for brain metastases. We review available evidence regarding management of brain metastases, including the limited breast-cancer-specific data. A framework for management according to breast cancer phenotype is proposed.

