October Surprises

    MEDICC Review
    |November 11, 2016
    PubMed

    Related Concept Videos

    Unusual Results01:16

    Unusual Results

    Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
    According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
    Maximum unusual value =...
    4.0K
    Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

    Exceptions to the Octet Rule

    Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
    38.3K
    Spontaneity02:21

    Spontaneity

    A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally under certain conditions. A nonspontaneous process, on the other hand, will not take place unless it is “driven” by the continual input of energy from an external source. Processes have a natural tendency to occur in one direction under a given set of conditions. Water will naturally flow downhill (spontaneous process), but uphill flow (nonspontaneous process) requires outside intervention such as the use of a pump. Iron exposed to...
    30.7K
    Septins01:19

    Septins

    Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...
    2.4K
    Surveys02:16

    Surveys

    Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
    17.2K
    Ellipses01:30

    Ellipses

    An ellipse is formed when a right circular cone is intersected by an inclined plane that does not cut through its base. This intersection yields a closed, symmetric curve characterized by distinctive geometric properties. Most notably, an ellipse is defined as the collection of all points in a plane for which the combined distances to two fixed points—called the foci—remain constant.The ellipse features two principal axes: the major and the minor axes. The major axis is the longest...
    356