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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

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For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs
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Enantioconvergent catalysis.

Justin T Mohr1, Jared T Moore2, Brian M Stoltz2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, USA.

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|November 11, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enantioconvergent catalysis enables efficient synthesis of single, highly pure products from racemic mixtures. This review highlights three distinct catalytic approaches and compares them to non-enantioconvergent methods.

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asymmetric catalysisenantioselectivitysynthetic methods

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Racemic mixtures pose challenges in synthesizing single enantiomers.
  • Enantioconvergent catalysis offers a direct route to high enantiopurity.
  • Achieving 100% theoretical yield is a key goal in asymmetric synthesis.

Approach:

  • Identifies three mechanistically distinct enantioconvergent catalytic strategies.
  • Reviews recent advancements and examples for each approach.
  • Compares enantioconvergent methods with related non-enantioconvergent processes.

Key Points:

  • Enantioconvergent catalysis converts racemic starting materials into single, highly enantioenriched products.
  • Maximum theoretical yield of 100% is achievable.
  • Three distinct mechanistic pathways for enantioconvergent catalysis are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Enantioconvergent catalysis is a powerful tool for efficient asymmetric synthesis.
  • Understanding mechanistic differences is crucial for selecting optimal catalytic strategies.
  • Further development promises more efficient and selective synthetic routes.