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Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A meningitis in well-vaccinated immunocompetent 13-month-old child: a case of

Simon Kayemba-Kay's1, Abdul Monem Badran2, Cécile Lagneaux3

  • 1Paediatrics & Neonatal Medicine Department Victor Jousselin Hospital Dreux France; Unité de Recherche Clinique URC28 Dreux France.

Clinical Case Reports
|November 11, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Even vaccinated children can develop pneumococcal meningitis. This case highlights the need for immune system screening and asplenia evaluation in children with bacterial meningitis.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) is recommended for children to prevent invasive pneumococcal disease.
  • Despite high vaccination rates, breakthrough infections can occur, necessitating ongoing surveillance and research.

Observation:

  • A 13-month-old immunocompetent male child presented with pneumococcal serotype 19A meningitis.
  • The child had completed the recommended three-dose PCV13 vaccination series.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with pneumococcal meningitis caused by serotype 19A, a serotype included in the PCV13 vaccine.
  • This case demonstrates that PCV13 vaccination does not provide absolute protection against all pneumococcal serotypes.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for bacterial meningitis, even in fully vaccinated children.
  • Diagnostic workups for recurrent or severe infections should consider immune system deficiencies and anatomical abnormalities like asplenia.

Keywords:
FailurePCV13Streptococcus pneumoniameningitistoddlers

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