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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Human Ex vivo Wound Model and Whole-Mount Staining Approach to Accurately Evaluate Skin Repair
Published on: February 17, 2021
Biomarkers of skin aging
Theodora Kanaki1, Evgenia Makrantonaki1,2, Christos C Zouboulis3
1Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Germany.
Abstract:
Aging is a complex process not only influenced by inherited but also by several environmental factors. It is characterized by a progressive loss of function in multiple tissues, which leads to an increased probability of death. On the other hand, several morphological and histological changes are registered in aged skin that is mostly dependent on the cumulative exposure in environmental aging promoters, such as ultraviolet radiation. Understanding of individual pathogenesis and introduction of preventive measurements require objective assessment, i.e., the administration of biomarkers. Because of the complexity of skin aging, the exact definition of biomarkers is a major research challenge. In this article, we summarize the basic knowledge involving skin aging and its biomarkers.
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