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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Physiological Functions of Vitamin A Transporters Using HPLC-Based Vitamin A Profiling
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Vitamin A Absorption, Storage and Mobilization.

William S Blaner1, Yang Li2, Pierre-Jacques Brun2

  • 1Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 650 W 168th St., New York, NY, 10032, USA. wsb2@columbia.edu.

Sub-Cellular Biochemistry
|November 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Understanding vitamin A transport between liver cells is crucial. This review synthesizes current knowledge on dietary vitamin A uptake, storage in hepatic stellate cells, and mobilization, highlighting knowledge gaps in vitamin A metabolism.

Keywords:
Adipose tissueChylomicronsHepatic stellate cellsRBP4RetinoidRetinyl ester storageVitamin A

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Area of Science:

  • * Nutritional Biochemistry
  • * Hepatology
  • * Cellular Vitamin Transport

Background:

  • * Dietary vitamin A is primarily taken up by hepatocytes but stored mainly in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
  • * Mechanisms for vitamin A transfer between hepatocytes and HSCs remain largely unknown.
  • * The role of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in vitamin A mobilization is complex and not fully essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To synthesize current knowledge on vitamin A absorption, hepatic storage, and mobilization.
  • * To identify critical knowledge gaps in understanding vitamin A transport and metabolism.
  • * To provide a foundation for future research into vitamin A homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • * Analysis of current understanding of vitamin A transport pathways.
  • * Identification of unresolved questions in vitamin A metabolism.

Main Results:

  • * Hepatocytes take up chylomicron remnant vitamin A, while HSCs store the majority (>80%).
  • * Mechanisms of vitamin A transfer to and from HSCs are not fully elucidated.
  • * RBP4 is not solely essential for vitamin A delivery, and other circulating forms exist.

Conclusions:

  • * Further research is needed to understand vitamin A transfer between hepatocytes and HSCs.
  • * Clarifying the roles of different circulating vitamin A forms is essential.
  • * A comprehensive understanding of vitamin A absorption, storage, and mobilization is incomplete.