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Adhesion GPCRs in Tumorigenesis.

Gabriela Aust1, Dan Zhu2, Erwin G Van Meir2

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Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) play key roles in cancer biology, influencing cell adhesion and migration. Their altered expression in tumors suggests potential as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.

Keywords:
MetastasisTumor angiogenesisTumor cell migrationTumor invasionTumor therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Alterations in adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) homeostasis are linked to cancer.
  • aGPCRs regulate critical cellular functions including adhesion, migration, polarity, and guidance, all relevant to tumor cell biology.
  • aGPCR expression varies in tumors and the tumor microenvironment, affecting cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) in cancer.
  • To investigate how aGPCRs influence tumor cell biology and the tumor microenvironment.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within aGPCRs and related pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of in silico cancer databases to identify altered aGPCR expression.
  • Review of existing literature on aGPCR function in cell adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis.
  • Examination of aGPCR cleavage and fragment release impacting angiogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Specific aGPCRs like ADGRE5 (CD97) and ADGRG1 (GPR56) show increased expression in cancers, correlating with migration and invasion.
  • aGPCRs can influence angiogenesis through the release of soluble fragments from cleaved extracellular domains.
  • In silico data suggest dysregulation of multiple aGPCRs in various cancers, warranting further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Adhesion GPCRs are significantly implicated in cancer development and progression.
  • The varied expression and functional roles of aGPCRs in tumors highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
  • Preclinical studies are emerging to target aGPCRs and associated pathways for cancer therapy.