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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

912
Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
912
Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

820
Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Related Experiment Video

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Microfluidic Chip Fabrication and Method to Detect Influenza
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Getting a gRIP on Flu by Casting the DAI.

Danielle M Clancy1, Seamus J Martin1

  • 1Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Cell Host & Microbe
|November 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Influenza A virus triggers host cell death via apoptosis and necroptosis. This occurs through the nucleic acid sensor, DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI), revealing new mechanisms of viral pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Influenza A virus infection leads to host cell death.
  • The precise mechanisms by which Influenza A induces cell death remain largely unknown.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of host cell death induced by Influenza A virus.
  • To identify the viral components or host factors involved in initiating cell death pathways.
  • To investigate the role of nucleic acid sensing in virus-mediated cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of host cell responses to Influenza A infection.
  • Investigation of apoptosis and necroptosis pathways.
  • Examination of the function of the DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI) in viral pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Influenza A virus induces both apoptosis and necroptosis in host cells.
  • The nucleic acid sensor DAI plays a critical role in mediating these divergent cell death pathways.
  • DAI activation by viral nucleic acids triggers downstream signaling cascades leading to cell death.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza A virus employs distinct cell death pathways, apoptosis and necroptosis.
  • The DNA-dependent activator of interferon regulatory factors (DAI) is a key mediator of Influenza A-induced cell death.
  • Targeting DAI or its downstream pathways may offer novel therapeutic interventions against influenza.