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Striatal dysfunction in attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorder.

H C Lou¹, L Henriksen, P Bruhn

¹Department of Neuropediatrics, J. F. Kennedy Institute, Glostrup, Denmark.

Archives of Neurology

|January 1, 1989

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Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is linked to reduced blood flow in the striatal regions. This hypoperfusion, particularly in the striatum, may be a key characteristic of ADHD.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Radiology

Background:

Previous research indicated hypoperfusion in periventricular structures in Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
This study expanded patient numbers and investigated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in ADHD patients with and without comorbid neurological symptoms.

Observation:

Xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography were used to assess rCBF.
Patients were divided into pure ADHD and ADHD with other neurologic symptoms groups.
A control group was included for comparison.

Findings:

Both ADHD groups exhibited hypoperfusion and inferred hypofunction in striatal regions.
Statistically significant hypoperfusion was observed in the right striatum in pure ADHD, and in both striata in the ADHD with comorbidities group.

Related Experiment Videos

Primary sensory and sensorimotor cortical regions showed high perfusion.

Methylphenidate administration increased rCBF in striatal and posterior periventricular areas, while decreasing it in sensory cortical regions.

Implications:

Low striatal activity, potentially reversible with methylphenidate, appears to be a core feature of ADHD.
These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiology of ADHD and the mechanism of action of stimulant medication.