Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes

Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes

The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable,...

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry

Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry

The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.

Radical Formation: Homolysis

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nanocurcumin attenuates brain injury in rats with desert dry‑heat‑induced exertional heat stroke by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling.

Molecular medicine reports·2026

Same author

Comparative efficacy of portable active cooling vs. passive cooling for reducing core temperature in exertional heat stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Frontiers in public health·2026

Same author

Efficacy and safety of different curcumin formulations in osteoarthritis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Frontiers in medicine·2026

Same author

Hypobaric hypoxia can lead to an increase in lung dendritic cells and promote T-cell immunosuppression, thereby preventing the excessive progression of high-altitude pulmonary edema.

Frontiers in immunology·2026

Same author

Characterization of a Rabbit Model of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Under High-Altitude Cold Conditions.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)·2026

Same author

Curcumin nanocrystals mitigate hypoxia-induced cardiac injury through redox regulation and CHOP-CytC-caspase pathway modulation.

Scientific reports·2026

Same journal

Lower bound of the capacitance of constant phase elements based on electrochemical impedance spectra.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Stability constants of lanthanide-nitrate complexes in aqueous solutions: a theoretical study.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Lead-free Cs<sub>3</sub>MnCl<sub>5</sub> and CsMnCl<sub>3</sub> crystals: rapid on-chip crystallization, phase transition and fluorescence sensing applications.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

F-Interstitial passivation preserves host-like optoelectronic properties in <sup>229</sup>Th:YLF nuclear-clock platforms.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Structural trends of tryptophan dimer: hydrogen bonding <i>versus</i> π-stacking from an energy decomposition analysis perspective.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same journal

Achieving high thermoelectric performance in Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>-alloyed GeTe through synergistic optimization of electrical and thermal transport.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Published on: June 14, 2024

Self-assembling diacetylene molecules on atomically flat insulators.

Elisseos Verveniotis¹, Yuji Okawa¹, Marina V Makarova²

¹International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan. Verveniotis.Elisseos@nims.go.jp Okawa.Yuji@nims.go.jp.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|November 12, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of 10,12-nonacosadiynoic acid on various insulating surfaces. They found that surface polarity dictates molecular orientation, enabling controlled SAM formation for on-surface polymerization.

More Related Videos

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites

Published on: June 14, 2024

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Atomically flat insulating surfaces are crucial for controlled molecular self-assembly.
Understanding surface-molecule interactions is key to designing advanced materials.
Diacetylene compounds are promising for on-surface polymerization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the self-assembly of 10,12-nonacosadiynoic acid on different atomically flat insulating surfaces.
To determine the influence of surface polarity on molecular layer orientation.
To develop strategies for creating organized molecular assemblies for on-surface polymerization.

Main Methods:

Deposition of 10,12-nonacosadiynoic acid on sapphire, diamond, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and MoS2 surfaces.
Surface characterization to analyze molecular assembly and orientation.
Surface modification using hydrogenated diamond and graphene layers to control surface polarity.

Main Results:

A flat-lying monolayer of 10,12-nonacosadiynoic acid self-assembles on h-BN, HOPG, and MoS2.
Standing-up molecular layers form on sapphire and oxidized diamond surfaces due to surface electrostatic dipoles.
Surface polarity control via hydrogenated diamond or graphene leads to flat, organized SAMs.
Graphene-supported SAMs are suitable for on-surface polymerization into molecular wires.

Conclusions:

Surface polarity is a critical factor driving the self-assembly of 10,12-nonacosadiynoic acid.
Graphene encapsulation provides a versatile platform for fabricating ordered molecular layers for on-surface polymerization.
This work paves the way for ambient condition synthesis of long, isolated molecular wires.