Stalking and Violence
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Updated: Oct 12, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
Published on: July 4, 2013
Britta Ostermeyer1, Susan Hatters Friedman2, Renee Sorrentino3
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 920 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, #WP3470, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
Abstract:
The three widely known stalker classifications assist in categorizing stalkers, which allows for better management of violence risk. Although 80% of stalking is done by men, women also engage in stalking, and their violence risk should not be underestimated. Juvenile stalkers do exist and juvenile stalking is also associated with violence. Clinicians can become a victim of stalking and may become victims of stalking by proxy, a special type of stalking behavior where the stalker involves other people or agencies to communicate with or track their victim. A careful stalking violence risk assessment is essential in the intervention and risk management process.
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