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The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
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Clock genes, ADHD and aggression.

Floriana Mogavero1, Amanda Jager2, Jeffrey C Glennon2

  • 1Graduate School of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience/Donders Institute, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|November 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves aggression and sleep issues, potentially linked to clock genes and neurotransmitters. Further research is needed to understand these complex interactions in ADHD patients.

Keywords:
AggressionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderCircadian rhythmClockComorbidConduct disorderDopamineMelatoninMonoamineNeurotransmitterNoradrenalineSerotoninSleep disturbances

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often presents with comorbid aggression and sleep disturbances.
  • The circadian system, regulated by clock genes, controls the sleep-wake cycle and influences neurotransmitter pathways.
  • Clock genes interact with monoamine oxidase A, affecting neurotransmitter degradation and potentially ADHD susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism linking circadian rhythm, clock gene expression, and ADHD with comorbid aggression.
  • To explore the role of neurotransmitter modulation in ADHD, aggression, and sleep disturbances.
  • To identify areas for future research into the underlying mechanisms of ADHD with comorbid aggression and sleep issues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and theoretical modeling.
  • Analysis of existing research on clock genes, neurotransmitters, and ADHD.
  • Hypothesizing molecular pathways involved in ADHD pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • A proposed mechanism suggests circadian rhythm and clock gene expression influence ADHD and aggression via neurotransmitter modulation.
  • Monoamine gene polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to ADHD and associated aggression/sleep disturbances.
  • Altered clock gene expression is associated with ADHD, and circadian components modulate aggression.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythm and clock genes play a significant role in the pathophysiology of ADHD, aggression, and sleep disturbances.
  • Neurotransmitter systems are key mediators in the proposed mechanism.
  • Further investigation into clock gene function in ADHD patients with aggression is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms.