Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
07:29

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein

Published on: October 12, 2017

9.8K

Comparing calculated LDL-C with directly measured LDL-C in healthy and in dyslipidemic children

Anastasia Garoufi1, Antonis Drakatos2, Charalampos Tsentidis3

  • 1Second Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "P & A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, Athens, Attica, Greece.

Clinical Biochemistry
|November 13, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Friedewald formula (FF) is more accurate for screening, while Anandaraja's formula (AF) is better for evaluating dyslipidemic children's LDL-C levels. Both formulas show high correlation but can misclassify actual LDL-C, impacting treatment decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment

Background:

  • Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key marker for atherosclerosis in children.
  • Therapeutic decisions for pediatric dyslipidemia rely on accurate LDL-C measurements.
  • Calculated LDL-C (cLDL-C) using Friedewald formula (FF) or Anandaraja's formula (AF) may deviate from directly measured LDL-C (dLDL-C).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of cLDL-C derived from FF and AF against dLDL-C in pediatric populations.
  • To evaluate the utility of these formulas in screening and managing dyslipidemic children.
  • To assess potential misclassification rates of LDL-C levels using calculated methods.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1005 children aged 2-18 years was studied, divided into a general check-up group (A, n=688) and a dyslipidemic group (B, n=317).
  • Fasting serum lipid profiles were obtained.
  • LDL-C was measured directly (dLDL-C) using a homogenous assay and calculated (cLDL-C) using FF and AF.

Main Results:

  • Both FF and AF demonstrated high correlation with dLDL-C.
  • FF underestimated dLDL-C in 75.6% (group A) and 77.3% (group B), with significant mean differences in group B.
  • AF overestimated dLDL-C, showing significant mean differences in group A and leading to potential misclassification in dyslipidemic children.

Conclusions:

  • FF is a more accurate screening tool for LDL-C in children compared to AF.
  • AF is more suitable for the evaluation and follow-up of dyslipidemic children.
  • Both calculated methods carry a risk of misclassifying LDL-C levels, potentially affecting clinical management.
Abstract

Keywords:
Anandaraja's formulaChildrenDirect measurementDyslipidemiaFriedewald equationLDL-COverestimationUnderestimation

More Related Videos

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

15.2K
High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay07:08

High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay

Published on: September 30, 2025

528

Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile

Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
Cholesterol is a soft, fat-like substance found in all body cells. It is crucial for producing hormones, vitamin D, and substances that aid...
730
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
792
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
1.8K
Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
2.5K