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A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology
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Middle cerebral artery diameter changes during rhythmic handgrip exercise in humans.

J Verbree1, Agt Bronzwaer2,3, M A van Buchem1

  • 11 Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|November 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Rhythmic handgrip exercise caused a 2% decrease in middle cerebral artery (MCA) cross-sectional area, indicating vasoconstriction during sympathetic activation. This finding challenges assumptions of constant arterial diameter in transcranial Doppler (TCD) studies.

Keywords:
Transcranial Dopplercerebral blood flowcerebral blood flow measurementexercisemagnetic resonance angiographymagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography estimates cerebral blood flow assuming constant arterial diameter.
  • Exercise increases arterial pressure via sympathetic activation, potentially altering cerebral artery diameter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if handgrip exercise alters the cross-sectional area of large cerebral arteries.
  • To assess the in vivo response of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) diameter during exercise.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure MCA cross-sectional area.
  • Twenty healthy subjects performed rhythmic handgrip exercise at 60% maximum voluntary contraction.
  • MCA cross-sectional area changes were analyzed using mixed-effects modeling.

Main Results:

  • MCA cross-sectional area significantly decreased by 2.1% during handgrip exercise (p=0.01).
  • Heart rate increased by 11% (p<0.001) while end-tidal CO2 remained constant (p=0.10).

Conclusions:

  • Rhythmic handgrip exercise induces in vivo vasoconstriction of the MCA.
  • Sympathetic activation during exercise leads to a decrease in large cerebral artery diameter.
  • Assumptions of constant arterial diameter in TCD exercise studies should be re-evaluated.